ELSI

Research & Activities

ELSI Seminar

Chemical Evolution of Prebiotic Polymers: Synthesis, Structure and Function

Speaker
Irena Mamajanov (Carnegie Institute in Washington)
Date
July 17, 2014
Time
15:15
Room

Communication Room 1F ELSI building

A number of biopolymers are essential to all forms of life, as we know it. Nucleic acids are responsible for encoding, transmitting and expressing of genetic information. Proteins serve as structural polymers along with lipids and polysaccharides as well as catalysts of metabolic reactions. Origin of life research provides a variety of robust scenarios for the formation and/or delivery of small biological molecules to prebiotic Earth, e.g. amino acids and nucleobases, whereas emergence of biopolymers remains a largely unsolved problem. Condensation dehydration reactions linking amino acids, nucleotides and carbohydrates to form peptides, oligonucleotides and oligosaccharides are thermodynamically unfavorable in water solution, such as primeval soup; therefore chemical activation and/or low water activity conditions are usually required. My research explores the low water activity conditions in the context of plausible non-aqueous milieus and far-from-equilibrium conditions implemented by dry-wet cycles mimicking arid coastal conditions. Alternative to direct synthesis of biological polymers, theories of fore-protein and pre-RNA describe biopolymer-like macromolecules that are characterized by facile synthesis in prebiotically reasonable environments, possess a lot of the same properties as and can be transformed into respective biopolymers via chemical evolution. HCN polymer has been hypothesized to include fore-protein structure; I will discuss the HCN polymer makeup as seen by solid-state NMR. Finally, I will talk about the structure and function of hyperbranched polyesters as precursors to modern day enzymes.